{"id":1367,"date":"2025-02-05T09:19:29","date_gmt":"2025-02-05T09:19:29","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/nea.rs\/?p=1367"},"modified":"2025-03-04T09:19:09","modified_gmt":"2025-03-04T09:19:09","slug":"novi-zakon-o-zastiti-vazduha-ne-otklanja-sustinske-uzroke-zagadjenja-proces-izrade-zakona-je-nezakonit-i-diskriminatoran","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/nea.rs\/index.php\/2025\/02\/05\/novi-zakon-o-zastiti-vazduha-ne-otklanja-sustinske-uzroke-zagadjenja-proces-izrade-zakona-je-nezakonit-i-diskriminatoran\/","title":{"rendered":"Novi Zakon o za\u0161titi vazduha ne otklanja su\u0161tinske uzroke zaga\u0111enja – Proces izrade zakona je nezakonit i diskriminatoran"},"content":{"rendered":"\n

Udru\u017eenja izra\u017eavaju ozbiljnu zabrinutost zbog nedovoljne transparentnosti i ograni\u010dene mogu\u0107nosti javnosti i stru\u010dnih aktera da u\u010destvuju u procesu izrade novog Zakona o za\u0161titi vazduha. Uprkos njegovom zna\u010daju za zdravlje i kvalitet \u017eivota gra\u0111ana Srbije, proces dono\u0161enja zakona nije sproveden u skladu sa va\u017ee\u0107im propisima, dok predlo\u017eene izmene ne re\u0161avaju klju\u010dne probleme u oblasti monitoringa kvaliteta vazduha, pravovremenog reagovanja na incidente, nadzora i sankcionisanja zaga\u0111iva\u010da. <\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Nepo\u0161tovanje minimalnih standarda uklju\u010divanja javnosti<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Javna rasprava o Nacrtu zakona, zapo\u010deta 15. januara 2025. godine, organizovana je uz po\u0161tovanje minimalnih standarda za uklju\u010divanje javnosti. Imaju\u0107i u vidu ozbiljnost problema zaga\u0111enja vazduha u Srbiji, smatramo da period od 20 dana nije dovoljan za sveobuhvatnu analizu i diskusiju o predlo\u017eenim re\u0161enjima i da organizovanje samo jedne, hibridne javne prezentacije u Beogradu nije dovoljno. Prema poslednjem izve\u0161taju o stanju kvaliteta vazduha u Srbiji, pripremljenom od strane Agencije za za\u0161titu \u017eivotne sredine, vazduh je prekomerno zaga\u0111en u vi\u0161e od 20 gradova i op\u0161tina \u0161irom Srbije, dok je prezentacija organizovana samo u Beogradu. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Nepravilnosti u vo\u0111enju procesa<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Proces izrade Nacrta zakona zapo\u010det je u februaru 2024. godine, a u Radnoj grupi za njegovu izradu mesta su dobile samo dve organizacije civilnog dru\u0161tva, izabrane putem konkursa sa uslovima koji su unapred isklju\u010dili pojedina udru\u017eenja s dokazanom ekspertizom i dugogodi\u0161njim doprinosom u borbi za \u010dist vazduh. Na taj na\u010din, ve\u0107 u po\u010detnoj fazi izrade zakona, zainteresovana javnost bila je fakti\u010dki isklju\u010dena iz procesa.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Dodatnu konfuziju izazvalo je i sprovo\u0111enje ranog javnog uvida, i to samo za deo Nacrta zakona u novembru 2024. godine. Do sada se nikada nije dogodilo da se konsultacije organizuju o delu zakona, dok se praksa javnog uvida primenjuje isklju\u010divo na dokumente prostornog i urbanisti\u010dkog planiranja. Proces konsultacija, kakav je predvi\u0111en u pripremi ovako zna\u010dajnog propisa, sproveden je suprotno propisima, a Ministarstvo za\u0161tite \u017eivotne sredine nije izradilo analizu efekata propisa, dok polazne osnove ne sadr\u017ee minimalne elemente propisane zakonom. Bilo je potrebno utvrditi i obrazlo\u017eiti probleme koji su doveli do postoje\u0107eg stanja, kako bi se iz takve analize izvukli odgovaraju\u0107i zaklju\u010dci, a potom preto\u010dili u zakonska re\u0161enja koja \u0107e doprineti otklanjanju problema. Iz analize koje je prilo\u017eena uz Nacrt zakona ne mo\u017ee se zaklju\u010diti \u0161ta su uzroci problema ve\u0107 su samo povr\u0161no obja\u0161njene posledice, bez utvr\u0111ivanja uzro\u010dno-posledi\u010dne veze.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Klju\u010dni problemi koji ostaju nere\u0161eni<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Uprkos novom zakonskom okviru, neka od najva\u017enijih pitanja u oblasti za\u0161tite vazduha i dalje ostaju nere\u0161ena:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

        1. Lokalni monitoring kvaliteta vazduha<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Predlo\u017eeni Nacrt zakona i dalje omogu\u0107ava lokalnim samoupravama da samostalno uspostavljaju mre\u017ee za monitoring u skladu sa sopstvenim mogu\u0107nostima, \u0161to zna\u010di da ne\u0107e biti obavezuju\u0107eg, sveobuhvatnog i kontinuiranog pra\u0107enja svih zaga\u0111uju\u0107ih materija u vazduhu.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

       2. <\/strong>Merenja posebne namene u hitnim situacijama<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Novi zakon predvi\u0111a rok od \u010dak pet dana za nadle\u017ene organe da odlu\u010de da li \u0107e pokrenuti merenja posebne namene u slu\u010daju ekolo\u0161kih incidenata, poput po\u017eara na deponijama, a proces odlu\u010divanja nepotrebno komplikuje. U praksi, to zna\u010di da merenje mo\u017ee biti sprovedeno tek nakon \u0161to se elimini\u0161e izvor zaga\u0111enja, kada su koncentracije zaga\u0111uju\u0107ih materija ve\u0107 vra\u0107ene u dozvoljene granice.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

       3. <\/strong>Nacionalni plan za smanjenje emisija<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Predlo\u017eeno je brisanje odredaba koje defini\u0161u ovaj klju\u010dni instrument za smanjenje zaga\u0111enja iz termoelektrana. Ovaj predlog je naro\u010dito problemati\u010dan imaju\u0107i u vidu da termoelektrane ,,Elektroprivrede Srbije\u201d<\/em> ve\u0107 sedam godina emituju \u010detiri do \u0161est puta vi\u0161e sumpor-dioksida od dozvoljenog \u010dime ugro\u017eavaju zdravlje gra\u0111ana.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

       4. Nadzor i kaznene odredbe zakona<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Propu\u0161tena je prilika da se propi\u0161u \u0161ira ovla\u0161\u0107enja inspekcije koja \u0107e joj omogu\u0107iti efikasno i preventivno delovanje. U praksi, inspekcija \u010desto propu\u0161ta da sprovede aktivnosti ukazuju\u0107i da nema nadle\u017enosti da deluje u skladu sa Zakon o za\u0161titi vazduha. Isto tako, ni represivni mehanizmi koji bi trebalo da se ogledaju u stro\u017eijim kaznama za zaga\u0111iva\u010de ne predvi\u0111aju sankcije za svako kr\u0161enje obaveze ni od strane operatera, a jo\u0161 manje od strane odgovornih lica u dr\u017eavnim organima. To zna\u010di da \u0107e se veliki broj obaveza koji imaju operateri i nadle\u017eni organi svesti samo na njihovu \u201cdobru volju\u201d, jer sankcija za nepostupanje nema.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

       5. Zainteresovana javnost nije vi\u0161e zainteresovana<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Iako odredbe prethodnog zakona, pored definicije pojma ,,zainteresovana javnost\u201d<\/em> nisu dalje predvi\u0111ale prava i obaveze, nije opravdano da se ovaj pojam ukloni iz novog zakona, ve\u0107  je potrebno da se, upravo suprotno, ovim i posebnim zakonima, omogu\u0107i ostvarivanje prava na pristup pravdi i prava na u\u010de\u0161\u0107e u postupcima dono\u0161enja odluka zainteresovanoj javnosti, \u0161to je u\u010dinjeno u novoj Direktivi o kvalitetu vazduha EU. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Gra\u0111ani zaslu\u017euju bolji zakon<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Gra\u0111anima i gra\u0111ankama Srbije potreban je zakon koji efikasno re\u0161ava probleme zaga\u0111enja vazduha, a ne zakon koji samo formalno zadovoljava zahteve za uskla\u0111ivanjem sa EU zakonodavstvom. Evropska unija je 2024. usvojila novu Direktivu o kvalitetu vazduha a Ministarstvo za\u0161ttie \u017eivotne sredine tek sada pred javnost stavlja novi zakon kojim se tek delimi\u010dno obezbe\u0111uje uskla\u0111enost sa Direktivom iz 2008. godine. Podaci o zaga\u0111enju i efektima po zdravlje ljudi dovoljno govore o tome \u0161ta je ura\u0111eno u prethodnih 16 godina.  <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Potpisnice saop\u0161tenja:<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Beogradska otvorena \u0161kola, Beograd<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Regulatorni institut za obnovljivu energiju i \u017eivotnu sredinu, Beograd<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Dru\u0161tvo mladih istra\u017eiva\u010da, Bor<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Novi put, Kraljevo<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Lokalni odgovor, Valjevo<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Tim 42, Leskovac<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Alternativa za bezbednije hemikalije (ALHem), Beograd<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Centar za unapre\u0111enje \u017eivotne sredine, Beograd<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Centar modernih ve\u0161tina, Beograd<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Centar za zelene politike, Beograd<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In\u017eenjeri za\u0161tite \u017eivotne sredine, Novi Sad<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ministarstvo prostora, Beograd<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mladi istra\u017eiva\u010di Srbije, Beograd<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Nacionalna ekolo\u0161ka asocijacija, Beograd<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Nova planska praksa, Beograd<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Kraljeva\u010dki razvojni centar, Kraljevo<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Regionalna asocijacija vlsnika privatnih \u0161uma „Omorika“,  Priboj<\/p>\n\n\n\n

RES fondacija, Beograd<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Zeleni talas, \u010ca\u010dak<\/p>\n\n\n\n

WWF Adria – Srbija, Beograd<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Udru\u017eenja izra\u017eavaju ozbiljnu zabrinutost zbog nedovoljne transparentnosti i ograni\u010dene mogu\u0107nosti javnosti i stru\u010dnih aktera da u\u010destvuju u procesu izrade novog Zakona o za\u0161titi vazduha. Uprkos…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[11],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-1367","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-saopstenja"],"yoast_head":"\nNovi Zakon o za\u0161titi vazduha ne otklanja su\u0161tinske uzroke zaga\u0111enja - Proces izrade zakona je nezakonit i diskriminatoran - Nacionalna ekolo\u0161ka asocijacija<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/nea.rs\/index.php\/2025\/02\/05\/novi-zakon-o-zastiti-vazduha-ne-otklanja-sustinske-uzroke-zagadjenja-proces-izrade-zakona-je-nezakonit-i-diskriminatoran\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"sr_RS\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Novi Zakon o za\u0161titi vazduha ne otklanja su\u0161tinske uzroke zaga\u0111enja - Proces izrade zakona je nezakonit i diskriminatoran - Nacionalna ekolo\u0161ka asocijacija\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Udru\u017eenja izra\u017eavaju ozbiljnu zabrinutost zbog nedovoljne transparentnosti i ograni\u010dene mogu\u0107nosti javnosti i stru\u010dnih aktera da u\u010destvuju u procesu izrade novog Zakona o za\u0161titi vazduha. 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